Cinnamomum verum

General description: 

Tree to 6–18 m tall, 20–30 cm diameter. Bark smooth or fissured, greyish brown; inner bark strongly scented with cinnamon smell. Sapwood yellowish. Twigs stout, terete, 2–3 mm diameter, apically angular, glabrous, dark brown. Terminal buds not perulate, conical, c. 2 mm, densely covered with straight appressed haris. Leaves opposite or subopposite, drying pale greenish brown, triplinerved or trinerved, coriaceous, glabrous below; blade not bullate, without domatia, ovate, 8–12(–14) by 3–6(–9) cm, base cuneate or rounded, apex acute with blunt tip; midrib raised on both sides, to 1 mm broad; lateral veins raised on both sides, extending to 2/3–3/4 length of blade; major intercostal veins finely, raised, subscalariform, 3–10 mm apart, less prominent than midrib; minor intercostal veins faint, reticulate; petiole slender, flat above, glabrous, 0.5–2 cm long, 1–2 mm diameter. Inflorescences axillary and/or subterminal, paniculate-cymose with first to second order branching, to 12 cm long; rachis 1–1.5 mm broad, appressed hairy. Flowers drying greyish appressed hairy; pedicel slender, c. 5 mm long; hypanthium 1–2 mm high; perianth lobes lanceolate to elliptic, 3–4 mm long, appressed hairy on both sides; fertile stamens 2–3 mm long, anthers 4-locular, filaments c. 3/4 the length of stamen; glands sessile attach on each side at the middle of filaments, flattish; staminodes 1.5–2 mm long, hastate; ovary globose, c. 1.5 mm diameter, stigma trilobed. Infructescences to 12 cm long. Fruits ellipsoid, 10–13 by 7 mm; cupule cup-shaped, thick, c. 7 mm high, 4 mm diameter, appressed hairy, glabrescent; perianth lobes persistent, indurate, apex truncate, c. 2 by 2 mm; pedicel stout, 3–5 mm long, appressed hairy.

Distribution: 

Cultivated in Sarawak (Kuching district), Sabah (Keningau and Sandakan districts), and Kalimantan. This species originated from Sri Lanka and is widely cultivated in the tropics as a source of cinnamon.

Habitat: 

In Borneo cultivated at low altitude.

Uses: 

The bark is used as a spice, the oil from the bark is used as a flavouring agent in food and pharmaceutical industries, as medicine and in the perfumery industry (for more detail on usage see Flach & Siemonsma 1999).

Scratchpads developed and conceived by (alphabetical): Ed Baker, Katherine Bouton Alice Heaton Dimitris Koureas, Laurence Livermore, Dave Roberts, Simon Rycroft, Ben Scott, Vince Smith